A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7. Vertebrae Definition. The vertebral column is composed of 33 bones in total: 7 cervical (neck), 12 thoracic (chest), 5 lumbar (lower back), 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal (fused into the coccyx ). Vertebral tumors can cause different signs and symptoms, especially as tumors grow. Products and services. L5: This is the last vertebra of the lumbar spine and. When the bones in your spine (vertebrae) collapse, you have a compression fracture of the back. In the majority of cases, kyphosis causes few problems. All of the following statements accurately describe the auditory ossicles except: The temporal bones. The column runs from the cranium to. A brace may decrease your pain, and help your vertebrae heal. You can now find the same award-winning technologies such as Axis 3D/AR with an all inclusive apparel try-on and sizing experience. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. The bones in the skull are crushed against each other, resulting in crush fractures. The bodies of adjacent vertebrae are. Which vertebrae resemble the head of a giraffe? Thoracic. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like In the spinal column, vertebrae are separated by cartilaginous ____________ discs, cells that deposit the new bone tissue are the, Bones of the axial skeleton and more. Compression fractures occur when a spinal vertebra caves in due to extreme pressure on it. The basic idea is to fuse together two or more vertebrae so that they heal into a single, solid bone. This usually results from a combination of bending forward. tenderness. (ver'te-bra) plural. The vertebral bodies act as a support column to. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like The zygomatic bone is an example of a(n) A) long bone. The vertebrae enclose and protect the spinal cord. Yeah, that appears to be a whale vertebra. Spinal instability due to a loss or deterioration of muscles, ligaments and discs that support the spine. Each vertebra contains three points of articulation with ribs. Sacrum. The coccyx can be a source of pain in many people. These lumbar vertebrae (or lumbar bones) contain spinal cord tissue and nerves which control communication between the brain and the legs. . vertebrae definition: 1. Your lumbar spine consists of the five bones (vertebra) in your lower back. 4. See Bone Spurs (Osteophytes) and Back Pain Osteophytes in the spine are a normal sign of aging and can be associated with conditions such as degenerative disc disease, osteoarthritis, spinal stenosis, and others. The canine atlas, or C1 vertebra (see Figure 5-12), has a transverse foramen in each transverse process, a craniodorsal arch, and right and left lateral vertebral foramina for the passage of cervical spinal nerve 1. 1 – Thoracic Cage: The thoracic cage is formed by the (a) sternum and (b) 12 pairs of ribs with their costal cartilages. L2 is the lowest vertebral segment that contains spinal cord. 23). Inhale and bring your shoulders up, then roll them down and back, gently squeezing your shoulder blades together. Your thoracic spine is the middle section of your spine. Your lumbar spine is located below your 12 chest (thoracic) vertebra and above the five fused bones that make up your triangular-shaped sacrum bone. In this paper, we introduce a large-scale spine CT dataset, called CTSpine1K, curated from multiple sources for vertebra segmentation, which contains 1,005 CT volumes with over 11,100 labeled vertebrae belonging to different spinal conditions. The skeleton is the central structure of the body and is made up of bones, joints and cartilage. The area Andrews has injured, the thoracic spine, forms a semi-rigid cage due to its attachment to the ribs. A small incision will be made to access your spine. Gross anatomy. There are five lumbar. During spinal fusion, a surgeon places bone or a bonelike material in the space between two spinal bones. The first 2, C1 and C2, are highly specialized and are given unique names: atlas and axis, respectively. Your spine is an important bone structure that supports your body and helps you walk, twist and move. The seven cervical vertebrae are – C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, C6 and C7. The tumors may affect your spinal cord or the nerve roots, blood vessels, or bones of your spine. 1007/s11548-017-1575-8. Vertebrates have a skeletal structure with a spinal column or backbone. The axis, also known as the epistropheus, is the second cervical vertebra (C2) that has some similarities to a typical cervical vertebra but is categorized as an atypical vertebra because of its unique features. Anatomy and Function of the Spine. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. Spinal Discs. Ribs. Spinal fusion is a surgical procedure used to correct problems with the small bones in the spine (vertebrae). Your thoracic spine consists of 12 vertebrae, labeled T1 through T12. Within the different regions of the vertebral column, vertebrae vary in size and shape, but they all follow a similar structural pattern. Adult Spondylolisthesis in the Low Back. The bones of the spine are named according to the regions, e. Cervical disk replacement surgery involves removing a diseased cervical disk and replacing it with an artificial disk. Bird anatomy, or the physiological structure of birds' bodies, shows many unique adaptations, mostly aiding flight. The patient likely reports numbness, diminished strength, or absent reflexes. Vertebroplasty is a procedure that involves injecting cement into vertebrae, the bones that make up your spine. These basic characteristics vary depending on the function of each individual vertebra. KFS most commonly affects your C2 and C3 vertebrae. All of the following bones are involved in forming the orbits except: Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like To protect the spinal cord, The hyoid, Their body consists of paired pedicles and laminae. This thick, bony front of the vertebra is a rounded heart shape (as viewed from above) in the thoracic spine region. There are 31 pairs of spinal nerves located at the cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal levels: 8 pairs. A single bone in your spine is a vertebra — vertebrae is the plural form. Lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV) are a relatively common variant and can be seen in ~25% (range 15-35%) of the general population 1-3. The 7th cervical (C7) vertebra is the largest and most inferior vertebra in the neck region. The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone and consists of five segments (S1-S5) that are fused together. Anatomy, location and general features of the thoracic spine. The L4 and L5 are the two lowest vertebrae of the lumbar spine. The increase in size ensures they can support the weight. D) irregular bone. blood clot. L2 – L4: These vertebrae are the middle of the lumbar spine. There are a good number of physical measurements which must be taken and at least 14 vertebra features looked at. Vertebrae are the 33 individual, interlocking bones that form your spinal column. Compression fractures are typically diagnosed by lateral radiography of the vertebral column, with or without anteroposterior views. They are the largest of the unfused vertebrae, and are larger than the bones located above. The thoracic cage protects the heart and lungs. It is essentially a welding process. The treatment of pain that stems from C1-C2 in the upper neck is usually nonsurgical. The vertebral column is part of the axial skeleton. Road traffic accidents have been mostly. The vertebral column is divided into five regions and. [ edit on Wikidata] In anatomy, the axis (from Latin axis, "axle") or epistropheus is the second cervical vertebra (C2) of the spine, immediately inferior to the atlas, upon which the head rests. There are three types of compression fractures: Wedge fracture — This fracture usually occurs in the front of the vertebra, collapsing the bone in the front of the spine and leaving the. Compression fractures can often be treated. The ribs are classified as true. Arising from the vertebral arch are the transverse, spinous, superior articular, and inferior articular processes. One type of compression fracture is the wedge when the anterior part of the vertebrae collapses creating a triangular shape. The vertebra is thin, weak, and brittle. Vertebra L5 is the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. The C2 vertebra has an upward-facing long bony process called the dens. Anatomical terms of bone. The major groups include fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds and mammals. 1 Mead LB, Millhouse PW, Krystal J, Vaccaro AR. At the back, the S1 vertebra contains a long bony prominence called the median ridge. It protects vital organs, provides framework, and supports soft parts of the body. The vertebrae are divided into three regions: cervical C1–C7 vertebrae, thoracic T1–T12 vertebrae, and lumbar L1–L5 vertebrae. The point at which superior and articular facets meet is known as a facet, or zygapophyseal, joint. Movement at the shoulder joint that moves the upper limb laterally away from the body is called _______. The neck, also called the cervical spine, is a well-engineered structure of bones, nerves, muscles, ligaments, and tendons. plural of vertebra specialized 2. They act as supporting structures that hold the vertebrae of the spine together. The T4 vertebra has the smallest diameter moving caudally; the spinal canal diameter from T3-T11 remains relatively stable at 15 mm. It also supplies blood to two very important regions of the brain: the posterior fossa and the occipital lobes. The specific anatomy of intervertebral discs is covered in the. The cervical spine performs several crucial roles, including: Protecting the spinal cord. You can shorten your recovery by maintaining a proper lifestyle and cooperating with your doctor. The irregularly shaped bones form the roughly S-shape of the spinal cord. [2][3] Each inter-vertebral segment has also been shown to. The shock-absorbing pads between the vertebrae are formed of fibrocartilage. transverse process. [1] The cervical spine is subjected to extrinsic factors such. Vertegra 24MG x 100’s See full list on spineinfo. The two transverse processes of each vertebra function as the site of attachment for muscles. 3. Due to its unique role, C1 has features not shared with the rest of the spine. In some people, this causes no symptoms at all. The column runs from the cranium to the apex of the coccyx, on the posterior aspect of the body. Red A: the joint between the mandible and quadrate. A multilevel spinal fusion surgery involves fusing 2 or more motion segments of the spine to become one single unit. During a compression fracture, the spinal cord or nerve roots may be draped over the sudden angulation of the spine, causing severe pain. These discs allow the spine to move freely and act as shock. Parts of a Typical Vertebra. The L2 vertebra is located in the lower curvature of the spine, and the portion of the spinal cord that it protects is known as the lumbar cord. The technology you are looking for is now part of ARES, AR Enterprise Services by Snap. [3]. A typical vertebra comprises a vertebral arch as well as a vertebral body. The sternum consists of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process. A foraminotomy is designed to relieve pressure on a nerve root. Since the brain stem extends through the C1 and C2, it is extremely important to the. Symptoms. The cervical spine has seven stacked bones called vertebrae, labeled. Function. Vertebra L5 is the most common site of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis. L5-S1 is the exact spot where the lumbar spine ends and the sacral spine begins. Malignant tumors may also originate in the. Buy, sell and discover authenticated pieces from top brands, spanning designer, vintage, streetwear and more. Exercises can strengthen the core muscles that support your spine and prevent back injuries and pain. The vertebral body is typically the most weight-bearing component of the bone and is located anteriorly. Disk herniation Similar to in the thoracic spine, disk herniation can also occur in the lumbar spine. The body is divided into trunk and tail regions. To the human eye, this is the curve just above the buttocks, which is also commonly referred to as the small of the. Supination is the motion that moves the ______________. It is located in close proximity to the thyroid cartilage. The spinal cord is a bundle of nervous tissue that runs through the spine, acting as a connecting pathway between the brain and body. Las vértebras sacras en realidad conforman un hueso conjunto nombrado como hueso sacro el cual es un hueso central simétrico y bastante corto está compuesto por estas vértebras sacras que en total. The vertebral column is divided into five regions – cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5), sacral (1. The lumbar spine comprises the lower end of the spinal column between the last thoracic vertebra (T12) and the first sacral vertebra (S1). The two main types of injuries to the spinal bones (vertebrae) are fractures and dislocations. In severe cases, surgery may be. They are thicker and larger than the cervical vertebrae but smaller than the lumbar vertebral bones. This surgery is designed to improve spinal stability and reduce pain in conditions that cause spinal malalignment or spinal degeneration. Functions of connective tissues include binding, support, insulation, and protection. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis ), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine. The vertebral arch has 3 bony protrusions: a prominent spinous process in the middle and. Posterior components of the typical cervical vertebra 1:Stand with your feet together and your arms hanging by your sides. Recovery. Before this procedure was available, the affected disk was removed and the vertebrae above and below were fused together to prevent motion. Kyphosis is a spinal disorder in which an excessive curve of the spine results in an abnormal rounding of the upper back. decreased mobility. These attachments mean this region of the spine is much stiffer and less flexible than. And because there is an additional bone fitted into the space of five vertebrae, the presence of an L6 can decrease the flexibility of the spine. Surgical procedures used to treat. Spinal curvature from scoliosis may occur on the right or left side of the spine, or on both sides in different sections. The spinal cord runs through its center. It articulates with the dens of the axis and the occiput, respectively allowing rotation of the head, and flexion, extension and lateral flexion of the head. bones of the pectoral girdles c. Compression fractures of the spine usually occur at the bottom part of the thoracic spine (T11 and T12) and the first vertebra of the lumbar spine (L1). The spinal cord in this region has protection from five durable and mobile vertebrae (L1-L5) that allow for the dispersion of axial forces. It can be painful, but there are treatments that can help. This usually results from a combination of bending forward. Most spinal cord injuries are the result of a sudden, traumatic blow to the vertebrae. It is within this region that the nerves to the arms arise via the brachial plexus, and where the cervical plexus forms providing innervation to the diaphragm among other structures. The lumbosacral joint, also called L5-S1, is a term used to describe a part of the spine. Superior view of the vertebral foramen. Sometimes, the seventh cervical vertebra is associated with an abnormal extra rib, known as a cervical rib, which develops from the anterior root of the transverse process. The articulation of two bones creates a small hole, called a foramen, through which your peripheral spinal nerves travel. The second vertebra, C2 (axis), allows C1 to pivot against it so. However, you should practice self-care and physical therapy to strengthen your neck muscles and speed up recovery time. A compression fracture of the thoracic spine (T12) can be a debilitating injury that may cause a significant amount of pain. L5. The cervical spine handles a heavy load, as the head weighs on average. Disk herniation Similar to in the thoracic spine, disk herniation can also occur in the lumbar spine. Several groups of vertebrates inhabit planet Earth. In the first, eleventh and twelfth ribs, the radiate ligaments connect the respective ribs with their corresponding vertebra and the vertebra above. See examples of VERTEBRA used in a sentence. A back brace may be needed for 8 to 12 weeks. It consists of an anterior and a posterior arch and elongated transverse processes. The C3 vertebra lies snugly underneath the skin and the other spinal bones and provides a passageway to nerve endings that irrigate the face, teeth, and ears. 5. The coccyx ( pl. About anatomy of the spine. Figure 7. Cracking in the outer edge of the disks can cause the gel-like center to break through. C7, also called vertebra prominens, is the last cervical vertebra. Fluoroscopic (x-ray) guidance with radiopaque contrast dye is usually used for. A typical thoracic vertebra consists of the following: Vertebral body. [1] However, the term atlas was first used by the ancient Romans for. A typical vertebra consists of a ventral. Vertebral tumors can cause different signs and symptoms, especially as tumors grow. Your spine is made up of bones called vertebrae that are stacked on top of each other. Any interruption in this process can result in a significant congenital abnormality in cervical vertebrae. The dens forms a joint with the C1 vertebra and facilitates its turning motions, thereby allowing the head to turn in different directions. lateral pterygoid. . A typical vertebra consists of a body and a vertebral arch. C5 Spinal Vertebra Defined. pulmonary embolism. Pathology of the spine can lead to debilitating outcomes on quality of life. The spinal cord, like the brain, has two major layers of protection. It may put pressure on a nerve, which could cause lower back pain or leg pain. A typical thoracic vertebra, seen from lateral side. This is the most common type of compression fracture. Vertebral Column Anatomy Quiz. The first seven vertebra are called your cervical vertebrae, with C1 being closest to the base of your skull, and C7 being the last vertebra in this section. Synopsis:Information and pictures of the spine and spinal cord showing C1 to S5 vertebra and which vertebra effect various body functions. The characteristic features in a typical vertebra are as follows: Parts of Vertebrae. A dermatome is a specific area of skin that is supplied by the dorsal root fibers of a spinal nerve. Shark vertebrae of different genera/species can look very similar. The axis has a small, peg-like projection called the dens. The hind toe of the avian foot opposes the other three. The atlas is a thin ring-shaped bone that does not resemble the typical vertebrae, thus being classified as an atypical vertebra. Surgical Treatment for C5-C6. Definition/Description. The atlas (C1 vertebra) differs from the other cervical vertebrae in that it does not have a body, but instead consists of bony ring formed by the anterior and posterior arches. : sacra or sacrums [1] ), in human anatomy, is a large, triangular bone at the base of the spine that forms by the fusing of the sacral vertebrae (S1–S5) between ages 18 and 30. The body is the anterior portion of each vertebra and is the part that supports the body weight. Fortegra Europe Insurance Company Limited (FEIC Ltd. Availability. 'Vertebrae' is the plural form of the word. The intervertebral disc is the thick fluid-filled ring of fibrocartilage that serves as a shock absorber throughout the vertebral column. circumduction. A typical vertebra also contains four articular processes, two superior and two inferior, which contact the inferior and superior articular processes of the two adjacent vertebrae, one superior and one inferior. The basic. Compared to the cervical and thoracic regions, the lumbar vertebral group has a larger spinal canal diameter, on average, with the. D) irregular bone. The C5 vertebra is significant for determining the severity of neck and spinal injury. While in the medial aspect, the odontoid process of axis or dens articulates with an anterior arch of the axis as the median atlantoaxial joint. The superior demifacet of a thoracic vertebra articulates with the corresponding rib (costovertebral joint). Its members include fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. : one of the bony or cartilaginous segments composing the spinal column, consisting in some lower vertebrates of several distinct elements which never become united, and in. Loss of bladder and bowel control is another indicator that the injury has compromised the spinal cord. Causes. It's located between the neck (cervical spine) and lower back (lumbar spine). Used to reduce the symptoms of vertigo, tinnitus and hearing loss associated. The spine has 5 lumbar vertebrae(L1-L5) supporting the body weight. Lumbar as L1, L2,. The skeleton provides the framework for muscles and gives the body its defined human shape. Treatment for spinal fractures depends on the type. A vertebra consists of a cylindrical body in front and a bony ring in the back. Transverse process Lamina Vertebral foramen Body, Name the vertebral projection found in a median plane. When viewed from the side, the shape looks more triangular. a visible lump you may feel to the touch. There are also tendons that fasten muscles to the vertebrae. They either have a soft. This laser surgery uses radiofrequency energy to treat people with low back pain associated with a mildly herniated disk. The vertebral body is the large anterior cylindrical portion that is. Dogs most often genetically inherit congenital spinal and vertebral malformations (as opposed to adverse conditions during fetal development). Neck pain that’s getting worse. There are many types of fractures and dislocations that can happen. Blunt force or extreme pressure may cause the bone to fracture. Vertebrae are boneslocated within the vertebral column. First, I would like to provide you the most important and exceptional osteological features of pig skeleton anatomy. The sacrum is a single bone comprised of five separate vertebrae. One of the most important things that can be done for a T12 compression fracture is to seek. The vertebrate has a distinct head, with a differentiated brain and three pairs of sense organs (nasal, optic, and otic [hearing]). This is due to the inward curve of the cervical spine, and a gentle outward curve in the thoracic region. Treatment of T6 compression fractures typically involves rest, ice, and pain relief medication. The spinal cord itself is about 45 cm (18 in) in men and 43 cm (17 in) long in women. Spinal Cyst Treatment. The 7 cervical vertebrae are called C1 through C7. There are 31 bilateral pairs of spinal nerves, named from the vertebra they correspond to. True. The loss of height is may cause the vertebral body to erode into a wedge shape. The proportions of the vertebrae differ according to their spinal segment and the particular species. The vertebra is separated by an intervertebral disc, which is absent between C1-C2. The vertebra prominens is the last bone in the cervical spinal column group. Because of this, the vertebral bodies progressively increase in size and thickness going down the vertebral column. The spine has 5 lumbar vertebrae(L1-L5) supporting the body weight. The seventh cervical vertebra, also called the vertebra prominens, is commonly considered a unique vertebra and has the most prominent spinous process. Therapeutic Class. the parietal bones. Non-rib bearing lumbar vertebral bodies are the five vertebrae that form the lower area of the spine. C1 (the first vertebra) is the ring-shaped atlas. Compression fractures of the T6 vertebra can cause pain, numbness, and weakness in the upper body. These include. It starts at the base of your neck and ends at the bottom of your ribs. Kyphoplasty. There are 12 thoracic spinal nerve root pairs (two at each thoracic vertebral level), starting at. The principal movements permitted by the vertebral column are: flexion (bending forward), extension (bending backwards), lateral flexion (bending right/left), and rotation (torsion/twisting). The most common type of fracture is a wedge fracture. The lumbar spine connects with the thoracic spine above at the thoracolumbar junction and the sacral spine below at the lumbosacral joint. The sacrum is a single bone comprised of five separate vertebrae. If. Collectively, the discs make up one third to one quarter of the total spinal column’s length, forming an interpose between adjacent vertebrae from the axis (C2) to the sacrum. A dislocation is when the vertebrae do not line up correctly or are out of place. The vertebral column (spine) defines the animal subphylum Vertebra, or vertebrates, of the phylum Chordata. In humans, it is. This is due to the inward curve of the cervical spine, and a gentle outward curve in the thoracic region. This procedure can be performed at any level in the spine (cervical, thoracic, lumbar, or sacral) and prevents any movement between the fused vertebrae. SUMMARY: LSTVs are common within the spine, and their association with low back pain has been debated in the literature for nearly a century. The C4 vertebra is located in the neck region of the spinal column, just above the thoracic vertebrae. Rotation Fracture Pattern. Vertegra 24MG x 100’s tablet ( white ) Indication. Trouble bending or twisting your. 3 per 1000 live births 2. The spinal cord runs through the center of the vertebral column. 23). The spinal nerves are the body’s major nerves within the peripheral nervous system (PNS). When a vertebra is injured, the most common problem is a fracture. ] Any of the 33 bony segments of the spinal column: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 4 coccygeal vertebrae. humans and other great apes) since Nacholapithecus (a Miocene hominoid ), [1] [2] the coccyx is the remnant of a. The spinal column consists of cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae. T1 is the first thoracic vertebra. Injuries from these accidents can range from mild muscle and ligament strains to more serious fractures. False. The spinal nerves at each level of the spinal cord connect to, or innervate, a specific area of skin for sensation and set of muscles for movement. A back brace is often used to stabilize the spine and relieve pressure on the nerves. The odontoid process of axis or. Explore top listings from the community today. Our vertebral column is composed of 33 irregular sized bones that are connected to each other by intervertebral discs. The movements occurring in this joint are mostly flexion and extension, and a minimal degree of lateral flexion. Search drug information, interaction, images & medical diagnosis. vertebrae [L. The adult spine is made up of approximately 24 bones (vertebrae) stacked on top of each other from the bottom of the skull to the pelvis. vertebra (ver'te-bra) plural. Anatomical terms of bone. The cervical spine is made up of 7 vertebrae. Others may have back and leg pain that ranges from. Loss of bladder or bowel control. Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which a special cement is injected into a fractured vertebra — with the goal of relieving your spinal pain and restoring your mobility. It gives mobility and a definite shape, as well. Fractured vertebrae are usually caused by osteoporosis and traumas like falls, sports. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Which of the following bones are part of the axial skeleton? a. It is a common cause of congenital scoliosis. The C5 spinal vertebra is the fifth vertebra from the top of the column. Spinal fusion is a surgery procedure that reinforces your back structure and stability by linking two vertebrae together. The human coccyx is the final portion of the vertebral column, typically comprised of three to five vertebral segments. A cane or walker can help you keep your balance when you walk. A typical vertebra will consist of a body, a vertebral arch, and seven processes (Figure 7. The L2 vertebra is the second uppermost of the five (5) lumbar vertebrae toward the lower end of the spinal column, within the lower back. Disks between the vertebrae work like cushions to allow the vertebrae to rotate and move without the bones rubbing against each other. For minimally invasive spinal fusion, you’ll be given medicine (general anesthesia) to put you asleep. The cervical spine encompasses seven vertebrae and serves as a protection to the spinal cord. It becomes larger from the cervical vertebra (C2) to the lumbar vertebra (L5). This spinous process can be easily seen and felt at the base of the neck, making it a. It is part of the spinal column, which supports the top of the human…. Each intervertebral joint is a complex of three separate joints; an intervertebral disc joint (intervertebral symphysis) and two zygapophyseal (facet) joints. It can be divided into 5 regions, each characterized by different types of vertebrae: Cervical region (7 vertebrae) Thoracic region (12 vertebrae) Lumbar region (5 vertebrae)Position of human lumbar vertebrae (shown in red). The atlantoaxial jointThe zygapophyseal joints, also called facet joints, are joints of the vertebral column that are classified as joints of the vertebral arches. A typical thoracic vertebra is distinguished by its long, downward projecting spinous process. The lumbar region of the spine, more commonly known as the lower back, consists of five vertebrae labeled L1 through L5. It connects to the base of the skull, forming the atlanto-occipital joint. This bony structure helps protect the internal viscera –. Amphicoelias ( / ˌæmfɪˈsiːliəs /, meaning "biconcave", from the Greek ἀμφί, amphi: "on both sides", and κοῖλος, koilos: "hollow, concave") is a genus of herbivorous sauropod dinosaur that lived approximately 150 million years ago during the Tithonian ( Late Jurassic Period) of what is now Colorado, United States. A typical vertebra also contains four articular processes, two superior and two inferior, which contact the inferior and superior articular processes of adjacent vertebrae, respectively. Cervical Spine. The posterior fossa is the small space in the skull near the brain stem and cerebellum, which are. Vertebrae are the small, interlocking bones of the spine. The spine or the vertebral column bones is divided into five parts. Orthopedics Osteoporosis Back and Spine Surgery. The areas most commonly affected are:Spondylolisthesis is where one of the bones in your spine, called a vertebra, slips forward. Damage to the lumbar spinal cord subsequently affects the. Injury in this area can cause nerve damage, loss of.